Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

This book advances geotechnical engineering through a balanced integration of theory, experimentation, and field studies, addressing tunnelling, mining, slopes, rock mechanics, and material behaviour. From Himalayan tunnel design and Tehri hydropower to slope stabilization using bio-mediated techniques, the studies presented here highlight multidisciplinary approaches to real-world challenges. Novel insights into basalt, marble, gypsum, and coal-ash backfill reflect the rising emphasis on sustainable materials. Numerical tools such as DEM, micromechanics and hybrid optimization, advance understanding of failure mechanisms and joint behaviour, while AI-driven models, PINNs, and satellite sensing expand monitoring and predictive capacities. Case studies on excavation stability, stress recognition and surface protection, strengthen practice-grounded validation. Collectively, these contributions chart a forward-looking roadmap for resilient, sustainable, and digitally enabled geotechnical infrastructure.