This book analyzes the transformation of the Moroccan university system in the light of contemporary economic, digital and institutional changes. Based on a historical, legal and strategic reading, it examines the major reforms undertaken since the late 1990s, notably Framework Law 51.17 and the ESRI 2030 Pact, and their impact on university governance, financing, academic quality and performance.The book highlights the persistent challenges of massification, training-job matching, scientific research, digitization and financial sustainability. It proposes a forward-looking approach focused on University 5.0, integrating pedagogical innovation, digital transformation, data-driven governance and sustainable development. Aimed at researchers, public decision-makers and higher education stakeholders, this book offers a structured and strategic vision for building the Moroccan university of tomorrow.