Approach to the genetic study of epithelial ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the gynecological cancer with the highest mortality, with high-grade serous ovarian cancer accounting for 75% of this pathology, characterized by having an aggressive course and being diagnosed in advanced stages. One of the inclusion criteria according to the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology for high-risk hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HOCCOS) is the diagnosis of non-mucinous high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer. SCMOH has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern in cancer susceptibility genes. Historically, the risk of SCMOH has been mainly linked to germline mutations in BRCA1/2. However, it is now also associated with tumor suppressor genes involved in DNA repair. High-grade ovarian cancer is evidenced by being genetically unstable and approximately 50% of these tumors are deficient in DNA repair mechanisms by homologous recombination.