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Manufacturing Systems
Some 70 percent of U.S. manufacturing output currently faces direct foreign competition. While American firms understand the individual components of their manufacturing processes, …
Human Factors of Process Safety and Worker Empowerment in the Offshore Oil Industry
Since the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill, efforts to improve safety in the offshore oil industry have resulted in the adoption of new technological controls, …
Systematics and the Origin of Species
In December 2004, the National Academy of Sciences sponsored a colloquium on "Systematics and the Origin of Species" to celebrate Ernst Mayr's 100th anniversary and to explore …
Sustainable Diets
One of the many benefits of the U.S. food system is a safe, nutritious, and consistent food supply. However, the same system also places significant strain on land, water, air, and …
Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
Food safety regulators face a daunting task: crafting food safety performance standards and systems that continue in the tradition of using the best available science to protect …
Enhancing Food Safety
Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. …
Downstream
The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center began long-term planning at its inception and, in May 1997, produced a Long-Term Monitoring and Research Strategic Plan that was …
Large Simple Trials and Knowledge Generation in a Learning Health System
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are often referred to as the "e;gold standard"e; of clinical research. However, in its current state, the U.S. clinical trials enterprise …
Science, Medicine, and Animals
Science, Medicine, and Animals explains the role that animals play in biomedical research and the ways in which scientists, governments, and citizens have tried to balance the …
Biological Threats and Terrorism
In the wake of September 11th and recent anthrax events, our nationa (TM)s bioterrorism response capability has become an imminent priority for policymakers, researchers, public …
Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants
In the 1970s, flame retardants began to be added to synthetic materials to meet strict flammability standards. Over the years, diverse flame retardants have been manufactured and …
The Airliner Cabin Environment and the Health of Passengers and Crew
Although poor air quality is probably not the hazard that is foremost in peoples' minds as they board planes, it has been a concern for years. Passengers have complained about dry …