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The Best Weapon for Peace
The Italian educator and physician Maria Montessori (1870–1952) is best known for the teaching method that bears her name. She was also a lifelong pacifist, although historians …
The Discourse of Marriage in the Greco-Roman World
The famous polymath Plutarch often discussed the relationship between spouses in his works, including Marriage Advice, Dialogue on Love, and many of the Parallel Lives. In this …
Animals Under the Swastika
Never before or since have animals played as significant a role in German history as they did during the Third Reich. Potato beetles and silkworms were used as weapons of war, pigs …
What We Don't Talk About
Orville, Illinois, is bucolic, charming, and almost Norman Rockwellesque—if you’re white. But like many midwestern cities in the 1960s, it is a “sundown” town—a place where Black …
Continental Films
From 1940 to 1944, the German-owned Continental Films dominated the French film landscape, producing thirty features throughout the Nazi occupation. Charged with producing …
The Making of an Antifascist
A young imperialist adventurer turned hero of the anti-Nazi resistance, Norwegian journalist, poet, and playwright Nordahl Grieg has become more of a national legend than a real …
Philippine Sanctuary
During World War II, the United States government and many Western democracies limited or closed themselves off entirely to Jewish refugees. By contrast, a Pacific island nation …
Peoplehood in the Nordic World
What do we mean when we say “the people”? The concept did not carry the contemporary meaning of a group of individuals with governing influence and political will until after the …
Practical Audacity
Goler Teal Butcher (1925–93), a towering figure in international human rights law, was a scholar and advocate who advanced an intersectional approach to human empowerment …
Rise of the Brao
In the early 1970s, the Khmer Rouge had become suspicious of communist Vietnam and began to persecute Cambodian ethnic groups who had ties to the country, including the Brao Amba …
Insults in Classical Athens
Scholarly investigations of the rich field of verbal and extraverbal Athenian insults have typically been undertaken piecemeal. Deborah Kamen provides an overview of this vast …
Black Earth, White Bread
Like all facets of daily life, the food that Russian farms grew and citizens ate—or, in some years, didn't eat—underwent radical shifts in the century between the Bolshevik …