Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Wellesley returned to the Peninsular in 1809 convinced that the country could be held against the French. His audacious crossing of the Duoro and …
The 1810 French invasion of Portugal, commanded by the veteran marshal Andre Massena, who was known to Napoleon as the 'Spoilt Child of Victory' has been well covered by …
After a gap of two years, the 1812 Salamanca Campaign saw Wellington taking the offensive in Spain against Marshal Marmont's Army of Portugal. Marching from the border fortress of …
