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Europe is deeply integrated into global value chains, and recent trade tensions raise the question of how European economies would be affected by the introduction of tariffs or …
This paper estimates the fiscal costs of population aging in Latin America and provides policy recommendations on reforms needed to make these costs manageable. Although Latin …
The populations of Central and Eastern European (CESEE) countries - with the exception of Turkey–are expected to decrease significantly over the next 30 years, driven by low or …
The evolution of risk management has resulted from the interplay of financial crises, risk management practices, and regulatory actions. In the 1970s, research lay the intellectual …
Can debt management policy provide a way to increase fiscal space for a given path of primary fiscal balances? This report explores the role of two such policies: issuance of …