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The Social Dimensions of Scientific Knowledge
This Element is about the social dimensions of scientific knowledge. The first section asks in what ways scientific knowledge is social. The second section develops a conception of …
The Architecture of the Science of Living Beings
Scholars have paid ample attention to Aristotle's works on animals. By contrast, they have paid little or no attention to Theophrastus' writings on plants. That is unfortunate …
Scientific Models and Decision Making
This Element introduces the philosophical literature on models, with an emphasis on normative considerations relevant to models for decision-making. Chapter 1 gives an overview of …
The Science of Music
How did the pre-modern Islamic intellectual tradition conceptualize, produce, and disseminate scientific knowledge? What can we learn about pre-modern Islamic civilizations from …
Science, Medicine, and the Aims of Inquiry
After its unparalleled rise and expansion over the past century, medicine is increasingly criticized both as a science and clinical practice for lacking scientific rigor, for …
Logical Empiricism as Scientific Philosophy
This Element offers a new account of the philosophical significance of logical empiricism that relies on the past forty years of literature reassessing the project. It argues that …
Abductive Reasoning in Science
In abductive reasoning, scientific theories are evaluated on the basis of how well they would explain the available evidence. There are a number of subtly different accounts of …
Science and the Public
Science is a product of society: in its funding, its participation, and its application. This Element explores the relationship between science and the public with resources from …
Islam and Environmental Ethics
This Element explores environmental ethics in Islam. Its core argument is that Islamic culture and civilization are rich in environmental concerns; Islam has unique considerations …
Metaphysics and the Sciences
This Element presents and critically examines the relationship between metaphysics and the sciences. Section 1 provides a brief introduction. Section 2 looks at the methodological …