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Kierkegaard: Fear and Trembling
In this rich and resonant work, Soren Kierkegaard reflects poetically and philosophically on the biblical story of God's command to Abraham, that he sacrifice his son Isaac as a …
Kant: Critique of Practical Reason
The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Kant's three Critiques, one of his three major treatises on moral theory, and a seminal text in the history of moral philosophy. …
Locke on Toleration
John Locke's Letter Concerning Toleration (1689) is one of the most widely-read texts in the political theory of toleration, and a key text for the liberal tradition. However, …
Immanuel Kant: Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
Kant is the central figure of modern philosophy. He sought to rebuild philosophy from the ground up, and he succeeded in permanently changing its problems and methods. This new, …
Fichte: Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation
The Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation (1792) was the first published work of Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), the founder of the German idealist movement in philosophy. It …
Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil
Beyond Good and Evil is one of the most scathing and powerful critiques of philosophy, religion, science, politics and ethics ever written. In it, Nietzsche presents a set of …
Spinoza: Theological-Political Treatise
Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise (1670) is one of the most important philosophical works of the early modern period. In it Spinoza discusses at length the historical …
Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
David Hume's An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, first published in 1748, is a concise statement of Hume's central philosophical positions. It develops an account of human …
Nietzsche: Untimely Meditations
The four short works in Untimely Meditations were published by Nietzsche between 1873 and 1876.They deal with such broad topics as the relationship between popular and genuine …
Samuel Clarke: A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God
Samuel Clarke was by far the most gifted and influential Newtonian philosopher of his generation, and A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, which constituted the 1704 …