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The Renin-Angiotensin System and the Kidney
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the most important endocrine (tissue-to-tissue), paracrine (cell-to-cell) and intracrine (intracellular/nuclear) humoral systems in the …
The Endocannabinoid System in Local and Systemic Inflammation
This book focuses on the role of the endocannabinoid system in local and systemic inflammation, with individual chapters written by experts in the field of cannabinoid research and …
The Cerebral Circulation
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of …
The Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic structure that protects the brain from cells within the vasculature, from the immune system and from pathogens. This barrier …
The Biliary System
The liver is a vital organ involved in numerous metabolic processes such as cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, biliary lipid secretion, and bile formation. Cholesterol balance …
Short Bowel Syndrome in Childhood
Extensive loss of small bowel in all age groups has dramatic consequences on the lifestyle of the patient and the whole family and is accompanied by significant morbidity and …
Sex and Gender Differences in Cardiovascular-Renal Diseases and Hypertension
Many of the mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular disease and hypertension are well known, and gender is an independent risk factor in many cohorts. How gender contributes to …
Renal Medullary Circulation
The two kidneys of mammalian organisms receive around 25 % of the cardiac output at rest, of which only 7 % is distributed to the renal medulla. Despite the low blood flow to the …
Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of …
Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth
The mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through the strict regulation of epithelial cell …