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Fysiologi
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Stroke is a major global health problem because of its large contribution to mortality, morbidity, and disability. The most common form of stroke is ischemic stroke which accounts …
Multiple sclerosis [MS] is one of the most common auto-immune-mediated diseases of the human central nervous system [CNS] which affects young adults and usually causes significant …
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex disorder associated with rapidly progressive lung inflammation, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypoxemic respiratory …
The control of breathing during exercise remains the source of considerable debate. Classical schemes of the exercise hyperpnea have incorporated elements of proportional feed-back …
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the most important endocrine (tissue-to-tissue), paracrine (cell-to-cell) and intracrine (intracellular/nuclear) humoral systems in the …
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of various cellular signaling pathways throughout the body and plays an important role in renal function under normal physiological and …
This book discusses our intimate relationship with and dependence on water, how the body regulates its water levels, and various pathophysiological states associated with …
Hypertension, or elevated blood pressure, is a major risk factor for various cardiovascular, renal diseases, and stroke. The form of hypertension with no identifiable cause is …
The lung receives the entire cardiac output from the right heart and must load oxygen onto and unload carbon dioxide from perfusing blood in the correct amounts to meet the …
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of …