These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 18th European Conference on Innovation and

Entrepreneurship (ECIE 2023), hosted by Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal on 21-22 September 2023.

The Conference Co-Chairs are Fernando Moreira and Shital Jayantilal both from Universidade Portucalense,

Porto, Portugal.

ECIE is now a well-established event on the academic research calendar and now in its 18th year the key aim

remains the opportunity for participants to share ideas and meet the people who hold them. The scope of papers

will ensure an interesting two days. The subjects covered illustrate the wide range of topics that fall into this

important and ever-growing area of research.

The opening keynote presentation is given by Prof Doutor Eurico Brilhante Dias, ISCTE Business School,

University of Lisbon, Portugal speaking on "The Importance of an Innovation Ecosystem as a Driver for Exports

and Economic Growth". The second day of the conference will open with an address from Giuseppe Sofo,

McKinsey Fintech, UK and Germany, on the topic of "Fintech and the new Generation of Entrepreneurs Changing

the way Business is done".

With an initial submission of 260 abstracts, after the double blind, peer review process there are 112

Academic research papers, 6 PhD research papers, 4 Masters Research papers, and 6 work-in-progress

papers published in these Conference Proceedings. These papers represent research from Australia;

Austria; Brazil; China; Colombia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; India;

Ireland; Israel; Italy; Lebanon; Lithuania; Malaysia; Malta; Netherlands; New Zealand; Nigeria;

Norway; Peru; Poland; Portugal; Republic of Korea; Romania; Singapore; Slovakia; South Africa;

Spain; Switzerland; Thailand; Tunisia; UK; United Arab Emirates; UK and the USA.

ECIE 2023-Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship VOL 2 - pokkari, Englanti, 2023