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Roman Legionary vs Gallic Warrior
In the manner of many Roman generals, Caesar would write his domestic political ambitions in the blood and treasure of foreign lands. His governorship of Cisalpine Gaul gave him …
The Etruscans
Ancient Rome had deep roots in the 'Villanovan' culture that we call today the Etruscans. Their long-lived civilization can be traced to 900–750 BC in north-west Italy. They were a …
Armies of Julius Caesar 58–44 BC
Gaius Julius Caesar remains the most famous Roman general of all time. Although he never bore the title, historians since Suetonius have judged him to be, in practice, the very …
The Bar Kokhba War AD 132–136
In AD 132, Shim'on Ben Koseba, a rebel leader who assumed the messianic name Shim'on Bar Kokhba ('Son of a Star'), led the people of Judaea in open rebellion, aiming to establish …
Roman Legionary 58 BC–AD 69
The period 31 BC-AD 43 saw the greatest expansion of the Roman Empire. In 31 BC Octavian defeated Antony at the Battle of Actium and remodelled the semi-professional Roman army …
Roman Legionary 109–58 BC
The Roman centurion, holding the legionaries steady before the barbarian horde and then leading them forward to victory, was the heroic exemplar of the Roman world. This was thanks …
Roman Soldier vs Germanic Warrior
The reigns of Augustus and his successor Tiberius saw an epic struggle between the Romans and local peoples for the territory between the Rhine and Elbe rivers in what is now …
The Punic Wars 264–146 BC
The three Punic Wars lasted nearly 100 years, from 264 BC to 146 BC. They represented a struggle for supremacy in the Mediterranean between the bludgeoning land power of Rome, bent …
Roman Legionary AD 284-337
Diocletian and Constantine were the greatest of the Late Roman emperors, and their era marks the climax of the legionary system. Under Constantine’s successors the legions were …
Roman Republican Legionary 298–105 BC
Soon after the Caudine Forks fiasco in 321 BC, the tactical formation adopted by the Roman Army underwent a radical change. Introduced as part of the Servian reforms, the legion …